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A Map of Current Research Trends: Exploring Developments in different domains of Research with technological interventions

A Map of Current Research Trends: Exploring Developments in different domains of Research with technological interventions

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Regardless of the different roles in training, professional researchers need to be abreast with the new trends and techniques that are emerging in research. This will help them to excel in their career. Some f the predictive future trends in research are:

Predictive Analysis: It is a sophisticated form of analysis that uses current as well as historical data to help you predict future outcomes. The use of data analytics to predict the future is something that has been a practice for a long but specifically predictive analysis is the way forward in research. This is because of the advanced techniques that are involved in research. Some of the tools that have been used in the practice are machine learning machine learning, artificial intelligence, data mining, and statistical and mathematical algorithms. These advanced tools and models make it possible to predict the future based on current and historical data and the results are more dependable and reliable.

Predictive analysis has found a lot of use and application in the management field, primarily because of its accurate future studies and forecasting which find a lot of use in business models. The valuable information that is culled out by the predictive analysis can be used by organizations to make strategic decisions about operations and find out the opportunities and risks. The financial services sector or the government and law enforcement agencies can apply predictive analysis and forecast the market trends and create credit risk reports.  The data about crime reports and build-up information regarding the proactive measures related to safety.

The researchers need to keep abreast of this cutting-edge form of analysis because of the increasing usage. The rapid advancement in digital tools has changed the way research work is done and it can be daunting for researchers to stay up to date with new resources that are available to them. Some of the digital tools and responses that simplify the tools of the researchers are:

  • Search quicker and easier: Some of the new search engines that can help you to find the right kind of search engines for the right information are CiteULike, Google Scholar, and LazyScholar
  • Share data easily and faster: With new sites like Cold Ocean and Datahub providing data management, storage, and sharing easier, it has become common for researchers to work on data in a collaborative manner.
  • Electronic Referencing: Researchers can overcome the hassle of manual referencing and now with the popularity of sites such as EndNote, CitationStyles which assist in electronically managing references
  • Collaborating with fellow researchers: sites such as Academia and Addgene offer researchers the to get expert opinions, share their findings, and collaborate with like-minded researchers

Use of Data Visualisation in Research

Infographics have long found their use in educational material and more recently as storytelling on social media. We see pictures and videos which are depicting a clear trend toward visual communication in society. Visualization has now found its use in data analytics and research. It helps to present standard data and statistics and show them to the readers in an easy-to-comprehend and creative way.

Researchers in the present day should want to showcase effectively their analysis and must use technology in their analysis for better visual appeal and easier comprehension. For instance, presenting a numerical spreadsheet that is full of complex numbers and digits may boggle an average person but when the same information is presented in a graphic chart or by means of storytelling with images, it is obvious that the readers would have a clearer picture of the main points associated with the report.

 Those researchers who want to use this trend in practice should:

  • Look at the available visual options and try to incorporate the most suitable one from infographics, charts, or slideshow
  • Focus on the intellectual capacity of the audience and the key messages that need to be conveyed
  • Use the visual in such a way that it highlights the key points of the data rather than serving as a distraction of any sort from the main interpretation that needs to be drawn.

Management and Technology

After the pandemic turned around the way business operations are taken forward there have been technological advances in the open world and the employee retention practices are different. New advances in business practices can bring about new success in the industry. Technology in finance has brought forth Fintech as an emerging field of research. There are even subfields growing within FinTech

After the COVID-19 pandemic shook the very ground of business operations, from technological developments in open work to the need for employee retention practices, advances in business practices can bring further success to the industry. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is the shift from traditional centralized financial systems to peer-to-peer finance enabled by blockchain-based technology. DeFi eliminates the control banks and other financial institutions have over currency and other financial products. This technology enables secure and equitable access to anyone who has internet access. Still, in its early access, we would embrace the opportunity to support further research and deployment of DeFi.

As we are amid a global recession and as the world comes out of the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies are encountering issues in hiring and employee retention. From these blooms, a focus is on the study of Employee Empowerment. Employee empowerment encourages the autonomy of the worker and promotes employee decision-making and encouragement. A crucial topic for managers and business executives, further studies into the promotion of self-determination, competence, and meaning in employees can provide more answers to the difficulty that is employee retention.

Computer Science and Information Technology

There is constant development in the field of computer science and technology. A lot of new advancements are being made which could not even be imagined till about a few years back

One of these advancements has been made in the form of Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI) and its uses in Deepfake content and programs such as StyleGAN and DeepDream. Emerging CGI technologies implementing machine learning and computer vision practices and artificial intelligence have many implications for society today and new practical uses are still being developed. Another field of interest in computer science and information technology is DNA Digital Data Storage, which is currently in its experimental stage. DNA Digital Data Storage encodes and decodes binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA. This research has enormous potential at its current stage due to DNA’s high storage density.

Medicine and Healthcare

 There are more advanced solutions to medical problems to help overcome the health issues that at one point in time looked unsurmountable. Neural implants are there that are being studied to help patients recover from the negative impact of stroke and other kinds of brain surgeries. These implants have crossed the stage of animal testing and are being applied to humans at the nascent stage. The future looks like a lot of brain-related diseases such as Parkinson’s or epilepsy which are now irreversible can be better handled as research in neural implants picks up and reaches the level of being administered on a common man. Another important development in medicine research is with virotherapy. This technique focuses on converting virus into therapeutic agents and reprogramming them to treat diseases. This could further branch out into treating specific diseases such as gene therapy, cancer virotherapy etc.

Academics and Primary Education

Research as seen scope in the field of education and Academic like never before. The past few years have given a new dimension to the way education is taken forward. The Covid 19 changed the way educational institutions were teaching their students. When students started to learn from their devices, sitting at home the parental involvement increased and since them its has become a popular topic to investigate the role of parental involvement in the education of the child, researching not only the effects that parents have on their children’s education, but also methodologies involving how to best support education through parental involvement.

New technologies in education are another way. They feature a wide range of tools and presentations by the means of video games and gamify educations. Immersive educational experiences to young children and its impact on their learning and retention brings forth the ground breaking reality of education technology.

Media & Communications

 In the year 2019, the cell phone network companies introduced the 5th generation of broadband cellular networks. Around the world people got better bandwidth, higher download speeds and better internet service quality. 6th Generation or what we would call as 6 G is on its way. These 6G networks are expected to offer more than improvements in internet services, and are thought to eventually support applications beyond mobile use scenarios such as virtual/augmented reality, ubiquitous instant communications, pervasive intelligence, and the Internet of Things 

There is no debate over the COVID-19 pandemic’s influence on collaboration. Out of necessity, technologies surrounding mobile collaboration surged. Recent research into mobile collaboration has produced the sophistication of conferencing and telepresence systems as well as collaboration tools and transmission technologies. Mobile collaboration’s unique ability to allow multiple users in multiple locations to collaborate with one another has multidisciplinary uses that are being explored daily.

Social Sciences & Humanities

With the increase in the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) movement being surfaced out in the focus of the academic community, it is imperative to discuss the issues that take the society towards a free and equitable environment for all. gender studies have picked up lately in the field of research where it discusses how the societal perspectives and the varied influences on femininity and masculinity and the gender identities held by transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals. This topic holds a lot of relevance the understanding and importance of empowerment of women, men, and other genders towards a society that is more inclusive in nature and welcoming to the changing dynamics of gender. One more upcoming sociological field is generational studies. Development and advancement in medical science has surely increased longevity, causing more generations to collaborate in all environments such as   schools, offices, and homes. More research is needed to ensure ideal collaborative environments are formed, managerial strategies are applied, and society is ready to embrace as younger generations become more participative members of the society.

Law and Government

When Covid hit the world in 2019, all the facets of the society had to be shifted to online mode. This could be possible only because of the technological advancements made and some of the transitions that were by force due to the pandemic have retained and lot of work has permanently shifted to digital mode after the pandemic era. But the increased use of digitized services for different domains related to socialisation, banking, education, medical purposes has brought another concern in limelight which is data privacy. It has increased the vulnerability of everyday citizens. The data privacy legislations were prominent even before the pandemic but it has a pivotal place in research like never before because maintaining and safeguarding the privacy of the common man and ensuring the frauds and scams, he is vulnerable to via the digital medium, he gets safety from those, more research is needed to find ways and means to enhance safety and security.

Another area where spark in research is seen is management of disasters. This domain of research spans from managing natural disasters at a state-level to investigating the best technique to offer support in times of economic or health havocs. Further research into the field of disaster relief and management could potentially help governments around the world better prepare for global calamities such as covid 19.

Engineering and Sciences

The environment has been impacted and awareness and safeguarding the environment has impacted engineering practices as well. Researchers in the field of material science have been creating bioplastics which have been produced by biomass sources. The idea behind more and more research in this area is to cut down plastic waste from the ecosystem. The commercial significance of products and applicants that can potentially replace plastic or non-renewable products is an ever-increasing requirement.  Research with the involvement of technology can help in overcoming this problem that has been hanging like a sword for a long time.

Stuck with Journal Publication for your PhD? A 5-step guide to developing a manuscript in management domain suitable for acceptance in a reputed journal.

Stuck with Journal Publication for your PhD? A 5-step guide to developing a manuscript in management domain suitable for acceptance in a reputed journal.

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Writing in itself is a very creative process. A researcher in social sciences, especially management needs to couple creativity with a bit of critical thinking to develop manuscript that is suitable for publication in a reputed journal.

A lot of researchers do not qualify themselves as good writers as they find the task of writing intimidating as well as arduous. They feel that they are not creative enough to articulate their thoughts on paper but the fact is that to write publication worthy management manuscript you don’t have to be a qualified writer. There is a formula  on how to structure and organise a research paper with few tips related to the use of language, expression and grammar that can help you to create a paper that will surely get your paper shortlisted in your targeted list of journals.

The concept of using a formula for writing may give an impression of mediocrity and that is quite true in most of the genres of writing. But in the case of a research paper the emphasis must always  be on the reflection of research and the words be only a tool for conveying the idea effectively.  Over a period of time, management journals have developed a distinctive style of  not just writing but also the manuscript structure and organisation.  If, as a writer, you get a grip of this style, it will make it easier for you to give what the research paper needs. That is nothing but effectively communicating your ideas.

The key difference between journal based research writing and other creative genres of writing is the limited scope in the prior. It cannot be “all things to all”. It caters to a very narrow readership and is published with a purpose, though very important but narrow in generating interest and stimulating readership. The community that has interest in reading your research, that also specifically in the field of management is not random in nature. They all have something common in them and that is the clarity on the concept of management background and some broadly agreed upon common goals. By simply following the set standard and structure  and organisation of a research paper style the author has to work in limitation of use of creativity. This is important also because then only is the author able to focus on the real content and ultimately create a worthy paper.

When you are writing your research paper, certainly your interest is to get it published in a good journal. Good journals in the field of management take at least a period of 6 to 12 months  to get publication. How  would you know which journal is the best one for your paper? Let us look at a few tips here that will enhance the possibility of  your manuscript getting accepted in a reputed management journal.

1)  Effective Title and Impressive Abstract: In this era  where all searches are happening online and libraries have gone digital, the importance of effective title and impressive abstract is more than ever before. Despite the importance of the two, it is very common to find poorly written abstracts and bad titles  in the management field of research. Let us look at some common mistakes in paper titles and abstracts and look at the fool proof approach to  creating good ones.

The key purpose of a title and abstract is  often said to be  “the selling” of the paper. When someone reads the title and abstract they must get intrigued to go through the entire paper. Such should be the strength of the title and abstract. But what is more important than this is to have such an effective title and abstract that the right kind of people don’t miss your research. That is the ultimate win. When you research reaches the right kind of people  who fall in the narrow spectrum of readership in management research because your title and abstract comes in their notice, you have won the battle. But the right kind of people are reading the right kind of journals. The bottom line being that, we need to  be able to get  our manuscript selected in a quality journal for publication and acceptance.

The title followed by the abstract is the first thing that a reader sees. This should be the last thing that should be written by the researcher, the abstract being written just before  the title

The biggest mistake in writing an abstract is to not pay attention to it.  The abstract should be written before the title and lets us look at the abstract writing tips. The abstract should be precise and a stand-alone summary of the paper covering the following topics:

a) background/motivation/context

b) Aim/objective/problem statement

c) Approach/method/procedures/materials

d) Results

e) Conclusion/implications

If any of the five components are missing from the abstract, there is a chance that there is a poor match between reader and paper.

A typical abstract is about 150-200 words so every word should be  chosen very carefully. Concise and precise are the keys of a good abstract. If the abstract is too wordy, readers may give up before finding what the paper is about. 

Make the title crisp and comprehensive and all complete. It should include the key words and make it attractive enough for the readers to go  through the entire manuscript.

2) Writing the convincing journal cover letter:

The main role of a cover letter is to convince  the editors that your research work is worthy of publication. The creation of the cover letter should be with the same sincerity and effort that has been put in creating the manuscript content. Some important tips  that can help you to create an impressive cover letter are:

  • If you can, find out  the name of the editor of the journal and address them by name in the cover letter. It won’t be too difficult to find the name, it will be easily available of the submission page  of the website of the journal.
  • In the first two paragraphs of the cover itself, do explicitly mention the  name of your manuscript and the names of all the authors. You must be convincing  here  when you explain the main reason for undertaking this research. The purpose as well as the gap your research is going to fill up should be incorporated briefly in your cover letter.
  • The third paragraph of the cover letter should target the aim and scope of the journal. Mention effectively how your aim contributes to the aim of the journal and is within the periphery of the management domain of research. You  must write this in powerful way indicating who your specific target readers are and why your research will be of value to them.
  • The concluding part of your cover letter should ensure and commit to the editors that  your manuscript is original and you have not submitted it anywhere else for publication. You will  also be giving an undertaking for the same but stating it in the cover letter itself is assuring for the editors that you  are  aware of the protocol and are maintaining the standards of the journal.
  • If your targeted  journal asks for a list of reviewers to whom your manuscript can be considered to send for review, it should be a part of this section of  your cover letter.

3)Follow good Publication ethics:

A quality journal will  want commitment and clarity on ethical issues such as plagiarism, conflict of interest, internal review board approval, confidentiality, fraud, ghost authorship, manipulation of data or images, and other ethical issues. All the ethical expectations of a good journal are explicitly mentioned on the journal website. Their expectations of the authors and how these issues can be addressed are all stated on the website. All reputed and prime journals endorse guidelines and best practices for publishers. You must meticulously follow them and make sure that you don’t break the ethical commitment in any which way. Even a slight breach on ethical grounds can get an extremely worthy  research manuscript rejected.

4) Create a mindful list of  Citations and References:

What is the purpose of citations in research? There are several reasons for the same. The primary reason is to avoid plagiarism. Impactful journals are very specific about plagiarism. Other than avoiding plagiarism and giving credit to someone for using their idea and concept in your research, citing sources makes you a more impactful writer.

 You must  meticulously note your sources including clear and precise information. This will help you to write clear statement and specific arguments that are dependable. When you search for quality research  on your topic, you tend to go deeper and research more. This makes you a better researcher. The editors of a good journal can make out the quality of the manuscript by just having a glance on the citations and list of references drafted. Using appropriate citations at relevant places increases the credibility of your research and makes it easier for the readers decide whether your work makes sense. Remember, if you fail to cite your sources well and incorporate through references, readers can attack your work for being poorly researched without even looking at the deserving merits of your argument. You must also ensure to use few references and citations from the same journal that you are sending your work for publication consideration. This surely also improves your chances of acceptance. Bottom line is, do not be reckless and ignorant about the prominence of citations and references in a manuscript. They increase the credibility, authenticity of your paper and also put you in the category of a well read and informed researcher

5) Language and style of writing:

 It may be write or not, researchers have a reputation of being bad writers. Whatever domain of research they may belong to, this holds true . A person wo doesn’t have the knowledge of a particular field can get lost in the first few sentences of reading a research paper. This is primarily because of the complexity of the subject and also because of the writing style that assumes that the readers would have a certain amount of knowledge.

Even if you do know have the skills of being a good writer, you must know that style is a layered concept and if you want to improve our writing style the first thing is to work on the grammar and scientific vocabulary. The next thing you must know is articulation. How to write clear and accurate sentences. You should be able to pin down ideas that are not just simple but also communicate complex thoughts. The final layer is the organisation style. The compilation of all that you have written in a systematic manner with a seamless flow.

 Whatever be your genre of research or writing. Some attributes that stand common to all form of writing are clarity, grace, vividness and vigour. They are cherished by both writers as well as readers. When you talk of research in management domain then, accuracy, precision, clarity and concision are to be added. This surely is added pressure on an academic writer, but you can improve your writing style and make your paper fit for a good management journal by reading their research and by specifically focusing of the style and language. The more you read and analyse the writing style of good academic writers in worthy publications, you will be able to create your own tips and pointers to enrich the quality of your writing and make your manuscript reach that level of acceptance in a worthy journal. Beyond the above mentioned tips, while submitting your manuscript to a journal of repute, make sure you are sending to only one journal at a time. The good ones do not consider a paper that is submitted at multiple places for publication acceptance. You may have to give a declaration for the same and be ethical in that declaration. 

It may be difficult to get your research manuscript published in a high impact management journal but it is not impossible. You need to follow the above tips and be meticulous of the finer details that add quality to your work and make it reach that level where the editors get compelled to accept your paper for publication.

What Guides Your Research: Understanding Hypothesis v/s Research Question

What Guides Your Research: Understanding Hypothesis v/s Research Question

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Research questions and hypotheses are two distinct approaches to understanding a particular phenomenon. Research questions are the empirical questions that can be answered by collecting data through observation or experimentation. Hypothesis, on the other hand, is an educated guess about how something works or what it is like.

The purpose of research is to understand a phenomenon, process or outcome. It is not an end in itself. The purpose of research is to answer a question or solve a problem. Research questions are statements that describe the problem you want to investigate. The question should be specific enough so that it can be answered by the method used in the research study.The hypothesis is the main point of interest that guides your research. It is what you think will happen (example: if your research participants respond as you expect them to respond), which makes it important to consider carefully in your choice of study design and methods.

A research question is a statement about what you want to find out. It describes the purpose of the research. For example, “What factors influence the success of a new product?” or “How does a video game affect players’ cognitive abilities?” A hypothesis is an idea that might be true but has not yet been proven. It is based on observations and previous knowledge. If a researcher wants to find out whether playing violent video games increases aggression, they might develop a hypothesis like this: “Violent video games increase aggression”. This can be tested by measuring aggression in people who have played violent video games and comparing it with aggression in people who have not.

The role of research questions in research study is to provide a focus for the researcher’s efforts, which may be used to develop and guide the research. The researcher may use a variety of approaches such as qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods in order to answer questions that he/she believes will lead to significant findings. This will help the researcher in developing an appropriate research design for answering his/her research question(s).

Hypothesis is an educated guess about how something works or what it is like. It provides a framework for conducting research by providing a testable prediction about the outcome of interest. A hypothesis can be either specific or general; however general hypotheses are more useful because they give researchers a way to organize their thoughts and outline their ideas more clearly before conducting tests on specific cases.

Hypothesis v/s Research Question

  • A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. In research, we usually frame a hypothesis around a research question. A hypothesis, however, is more broad and abstract. A hypothesis is an educated guess about what might happen. The hypothesis is not concrete; it’s just a theory. A hypothesis does not have an “if/then” format like an observation does. 
  • A hypothesis may be stated as “if X happens then Y will happen,” where X and Y are variables whose values can fit into one of two categories (e.g., “If participant A responds positively when asked how his job performance has improved, then he will also respond positively when asked whether he has improved his job performance”). A null hypothesis states that there is no difference between two variables (X1 and X2). A directional hypothesis specifies that there is an effect behind one variable but not behind another variable (X1 vs. X2 vs. Y).
  • A research question is the question that you want to answer through your research. It’s the topic that you choose to investigate, not the method you choose to investigate it. 
  • A research question is what you investigate and why you want to investigate it. Your research question can be phrased in many ways. 
  • For example, if you want to study how people use social media, your question could be: “What are the key trends that people are using social media for?”, “What social media platforms are being used most often?”, “How are people using social media?”, “What are the benefits of using social media?”, and so on. 
  • Your research question guides the type of research that you do. For example, if you want to know what social media platforms people are using most often, then your research question guides the method that you use, such as an online survey. Your research question determines what questions you ask, what answers you look for, and how you present your findings.
  • There are many ways to formulate a research question, and it can be hard to figure out what kind of question will yield the best results. When you’re conducting research, it can be easy to fall into the trap of thinking that a research question is a hypothesis. In some cases, though, a research question is not a hypothesis at all; instead, it’s more of an observation. For example, when you read journal articles, you may come across research that simply looks at data. This type of research does not have a hypothesis; instead, it’s an observation about the data. All that’s being examined is the data itself, not why it happened, what it means, or how it can help solve a problem.
  • A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. A research question is what you want to investigate and why you want to investigate it.

Your research question and hypothesis should be stated in the introduction and addressed again in the conclusion to demonstrate that you have completed what you set out to do and that you have not lost sight of your objective throughout your research process.

Making best use of ‘Research onion’: A model for effective formulation of PhD methodology section

Making best use of ‘Research onion’: A model for effective formulation of PhD methodology section

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Preparing a research document is a time-consuming, tedious process and includes various stages. One has to consider several aspects like availability and access to sources, contents to be included in the research document, etc while writing down a research document. Chapters in research document often demand undivided attention from the research scholar, one such being, the ‘methodology’ chapter. 

Methodology section provides a clear idea of your research and its validity & reliability. Since methodology chapter can make an everlasting impression on readers, it has to be crafted in an effective manner. Typically, a research methodology chapter should be written by following a model to make it comprehensible for readers. Today, most of the Universities are demanding scholars to follow ‘research onion’ model while writing down this section. Has your University asked you to follow this model? Sounds like a complex process?

To ease your life, we, with the help of writers providing PhD synopsis writing service have figured out and have explained each layer of this model. 

Research onion model, based on the philosophies of ontology, epistemology, and axiology is segregated into research philosophy, approaches, strategy, time horizons and data collection approaches.

  • Research philosophy –  This determines the approach used to collect infer and utilise a certain set of data for your research work and to do so, you can select philosophies like  realism, positivism, and interpretivism. No matter which philosophy use have chosen, it must perfectly align your research objective and your choice of philosophy must be justified.
  • Research approach – Research approach includes inductive and deductive methods and determines the logical reasoning. Choose one among the approaches as per your needs. The inductive approach lets you form a novel theory based on the data collected, whereas the deductive approach lets you ensure if the collected data holds good with the existing theories.
  • Research strategy –  Research strategy consists of the source and nature of the data which has been collected to meet the objectives of your research. Based on nature, the data can be qualitative or quantitative. Whereas, based on the source, the data can either be primary or secondary. 
  • Time horizon –  Time horizon is of two types cross-sectional and longitudinal study. These  give an idea of the exact timeline in which the research work has been conducted. 
  • Data collection –  Data collection highlights the underlying techniques used by you to collect the necessary data for conducting your research. You should specify the statistical tools/software that you have exploited and approaches that you have followed while gathering the required data. This section of the research onion, lets you decide the content of the questionnaire sample groups. It is a must for you to ensure that all the tools and decisions you have used syncs with the philosophies.

Writing a methodology section is definitely a tough nut to crack. If you are facing tough time in writing this section, then seek professional help from writers offering PhD synopsis writing service. 

Key points to keep in mind while designing a questionnaire for PhD research

Key points to keep in mind while designing a questionnaire for PhD research

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The researcher must pay attention to the following points in constructing an appropriate and effective questionnaire or a schedule:

  1. The researcher must keep in view the problem he is to study for it provides the starting point for developing the questionnaire/schedule. He must be clear about the various aspects of his research problem to be dealt with in the course of his research project.
  2. Appropriate form of questions depend on the nature of information sought,the sampled respondents and the kind of the analysis intended. The researcher must decide whether to use closed or open-ended questions .Questions must be simple and must be constructed with a view to forming a logical part of a well thought out tabulation plan.The units of enumeration should also be defined precisely so that they can ensure accurate and full information.
  3. Rough draft of the questionnaire/schedule be prepared, giving due thought to the appropriate sequence of putting questions. Questionnaires or schedules previously drafted may as well be looked into at this stage.
  4. Researchers must invariably re-examine,and in case of need may revise the rough draft for a better one. Technical defects must be minutely scrutinised and removed.
  5.  Pilot study should be undertaken for pre-testing the questionnaire.The questionnaire may be edited in the light of the results of the pilot study.
  6. Questionnaires must contain simple but straightforward directions for the respondents so that they do not feel any difficulty in answering the questions.
Five Easy Steps to Develop that Perfect Proposal

Five Easy Steps to Develop that Perfect Proposal

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So, how do you develop a thesis proposal that gets approved in the first go itself?

An ideal thesis proposal is the one that is robust and flexible at the same time. This is so, because, your thesis proposal is a blueprint for your research and thesis. So it must not be only interesting and unique but should also have a realistic approach and achievable goals at the same time.Here you go with five easy steps that help you to draft that perfect PHD thesis proposal you have been dreaming about:

  • Choose the area of research that excites you: In the beginning, when you just begin your journey as a researcher, people around you, especially your supervisor would give you a lot of options with topics for research. One thing that you should be careful about is that, it should be something that creates the passion within you because regardless of what field you are researching in, you would have good days and bad days during the process of PhD thesis writing. And during the bad days, it’s only your passion and enthusiasm that would help you to keep moving forward.
  • The research should be a good blend of novelty and established research: The short cut here is that, start your research in an area where the methodology has been well established and would teach you the necessary skills that are compulsory for the field and then gives you the arena to expand the unexplored basics domains and novel zones.
  • Establish a strong foundation of Literature Review:  You must have a strong base for your research objectives by having a thorough literature review that clearly surfaces out the gaps that you have identified in the existing research and how you intend to fill them. Without relevant and strong literature review, you may not be in a position to validate the objectives you have stated for your research.
  • The proposal should establish the time frame and methodology: PhD is a time-consuming process, and if you become too ambitious with your topic, you may not be able to anticipate the time frame required to complete the project, and it may become unachievable. Your research methodology should be specific and clearly defined so that it is clear that you exactly know how would you achieve your objectives and complete PhD thesis writing in the stipulated time.

Use simple and unambiguous language: Ensure that you use simple and unambiguous language for your content. Using heavy or strong words to impress may work the other way round. Rather, you must simplify your content by using very simple and uncomplicated terminology.

Best PhD Thesis Proposal Writing Services in Hyderabad

Best PhD Thesis Proposal Writing Services in Hyderabad

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  • Are you an aspiring research scholar or a PhD candidate pursuing PhD in Hyderabad?
  • Are you aware of the importance of writing a good thesis or research proposal?
  • Are you bombarded with the tasks and responsibilities that are coming along simultaneously?
  • Do you know that there are PhD thesis writing services and PhD synopsis writing services available?
  • Do you know who should you approach?
  • Do all these questions bother you? If yes then read the article to get a clear picture.

What do you mean by Thesis Proposal?

A thesis proposal is the starting point of your thesis writing journey. It states in detail the summary of your entire thesis paper.

Thesis proposal which is also known as research proposal is the first step towards you being a successful doctorate.

A research proposal can make or break your chances of giving a good first impression. It is like the first few pages of your exam paper. Remember your schoo$P$BSSF88W/l and college days when you tried to write in a good handwriting from start in the first few pages?

It is the same thing with a thesis proposal, it validates your entire thesis paper.

A thesis proposal identifies your research questions, research problem and the purpose of your research. It also helps you as to how you should move ahead with writing the complete thesis paper. 

What should be included in the Thesis Proposal?

Following are the elements which should be included in the research/thesis proposal:

  1. Title
  2. Chapter one-
  • Introduction
  • Problem statement
  • Purpose of research/study
  • Importance of the study
  • Research Hypotheses
  • Key terms
  1. Literature Review
  1. Research Methodology and Data Collection
  1. Possible or Expected Results/Outcomes
  1. Conclusion 
  1. Bibliography/References

Why is writing a good thesis proposal important?

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A good thesis proposal has the power to answer all the questions which may arise in the reader’s head. It is a way through towards your entire project getting accepted in one go without any hurdles.

The research proposal should be written in a clear and understandable language, it should avoid grammatical punctuation and format errors. 

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Stratified sampling: An effective approach for dividing the population into subgroups

Stratified sampling: An effective approach for dividing the population into subgroups

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In research design, the practical formulation is essential and hence must be done with immense care. But during the formulation of study on practical grounds, a large number of problems pertaining to determining the characteristics of the whole population or the part of the population creeps in accidentally. To encounter such problems, a technique known as sampling is employed in research.

Simply put, the sampling technique is a process of drawing a definite number of observations or individuals from the total population under investigation. Sampling methods are of various types, for example, snowball sampling, random sampling, etc. which can be used for different purposes. However, if the individuals in the population need to be defined using specific criteria, then we generally rely on the stratified sampling approach.

Stratified sampling involves the segregation of population into smaller subsets known as strata. In this type of sampling method, the strata are formed based on the characteristics or attributes of the individuals. Stratified sampling is widely used under the following circumstances.

  • Specific subgroups within the population of interest need to be highlighted
  • The target population is significantly heterogeneous
  • A relationship between two or more subgroups need to be determined
  • Representative samples from inaccessible subgroups must be created

Stratified sampling requires higher statistical precision when compared to any other form of sampling method. This is because the variability within the subgroups is lesser the variations of the whole population. 

Stratified sampling is of two types.

1. Proportionate stratified sampling – In this type of sampling method, each stratum sample size is directly proportional to the population size of the whole population of strata. This means that each strata sampling includes similar sampling factor. The proportionate stratified sampling is represented by an equation,

nh = ( Nh / N ) * n, 

Where,

nh is the sample size of ‘hth’ stratum

Nh is the population size of ‘hth’ stratum

N is the size of whole population

n is the size of entire sample

For example. If you have 3 strata and the sampling fraction is ½, then the final sampling sizes are as given in the table.

Sampling ABC
Population size200300400
Sampling fraction1/21/21/2
Final sampling size 100150200

Here, irrespective of sampling size the sampling fraction will remain the same.


2. Disproportionate stratified sampling – Typically, the sampling fraction is a differentiating factor between proportionate and disproportionate stratified sampling. Unlike the proportionate method, this type of sampling approach has different sampling fraction. 

Consider an example where you have three sample sizes and different sampling fraction. Then the final sampling size is as follows.

Sample ABC
Population size2005001000
Sampling fraction1/41/21/4
Final sampling size 50250250

In this type of sampling, if the fractions alloted are not precise, then the results may be biased due to under or over presented data. 

Stratified sampling technique works best when the population is a finite number, includes subgroups and the strata within the population is non-overlapping. 

The steps included in this sampling technique are:

a) Describe target audience – The first step in the define the target audience and decide the sample size.

b) Recognize stratification variables – This is followed by recognizing the stratification variables and determine the number of strata to be utilized. The stratification variables must align with the major objective of the research. If there is any additional information in the study, then such information to plays a role in determining the stratification variable. 

For example, if the objective of the study is to understand the subgroups, then the variables will relate to the subgroups and the information pertaining to the subgroups will influence the variables. Ideally, a study should include only a maximum of 6 strata and 4-6 stratification variables. 

c) Develop sampling frame – Next, create a new frame or use existing sampling frame that includes all the necessary information of the stratification variable for the elements in the target audience.

d) Evaluate the sampling frame – Assess the sampling frame on the basis of grouping, overlapping and make the required changes.

e) Assign unique numbers to element of strata – Ensure that each stratum is unique, and the difference between the two strata is different from each other. Then, assign a unique and random number to each element.

f) Identify the strata size – Determine the study requirements and figure the size of the stratum. The numerical distribution will identify the type of sampling. Next, choose random samples and form the required sample. 

Note: every element in the population must fit into one stratum. Put other words, an individual cannot be in more than 1 group. 

Today, stratified sampling is popular among the research scholars because of the number of benefits such as improved accuracy, exactness nature of sampling technique, and ability its to cover the maximum population. 

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